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Mother Tongue as First Language and its effect on Learning among Tertiary Institution Students in Akwa Ibom State
This study sought to examine the Mother Tongue as First Language and its effect on Learning among Tertiary Institution Students in Akwa Ibom State. The study adopted an Expost facto research design. The study was conducted in Akwa Ibom State using tertiary institutions in the state (University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State University, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Akwa Ibom State College of Education Afaha Nsit, and Akwa Ibom State College of Science and Technology). The population of the study comprised undergraduate students from the five institutions. Simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting 40 undergraduate students from each of the 5 institutions, giving a total of 200 respondents for the study. The main instrument used in this study was a questionnaire titled “Mother Tongue Effect on Learning among Tertiary Institution Students Questionnaire (MTELTISQ)”. Face and content validation of the instrument was carried out. Cronbach Alpha technique was used to determine the level of reliability of the instrument. The reliability coefficient obtained was 0.84 and this was high enough to justify the use of the instrument. The researcher subjected the data generated for this study to appropriate statistical techniques such as simple regression analysis and independent ttest analysis. The test for significance was done at 0.05 alpha levels. The study revealed that mother tongue is the child’s environment and is the natural basis on which verbal skills can be built, children learn through communicating in a language, which they understood. It was concluded that there is significant effect of mother tongue on learning among tertiary institution students. There is significant difference between male and female students in the level of learning effectiveness due to mother tongue. One of the recommendations was that the Nigerian government should address the implementation of the National Policy on Education in the part of language of instruction in early childhood settings more seriously.
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Qualities of a good essay: an assessment of the writings of Nigerian undergraduates
This research sought to discover the capabilities of Nigerian undergraduates in handling the salient characteristics of essay in English. Such qualities as clarity, economy, simplicity, unity and coherence were the variables in the assessment. The study was conducted within the framework of the theory of descriptive linguistics and its sub-discipline of stylistics. Four topics representing argumentative, descriptive, expository and narrative essays were given to students for each of them to voluntarily choose one and write on in a strictly supervised writing test. All the essays were marked on the above stated variables. Critical case sampling strand of the purposive sampling was used to select four outstanding essays each representing one of the four departments of the Akwa Ibom State University of Nigeria. Paragraph and sentence formed some of the units of analysis. It was found out that the four subjects whose essays were analyzed proved their mettle in producing readable and creative prose in the four genres with some room for improvement. It is suggested that the Use of English programme in Nigerian universities should be extended from one to two years in addition to regular practice in writing by students and feedback from lecturers.
The English Language Of Electronic Media In Nigeria: Need For International Intelligibility
The English Language is arguably a world language. In Nigeria, the language has grown so fast to the extent of acquiring important status as the official language, national language, the language of international diplomacy, education, sports, mass media, commerce, administration and the judiciary. It is therefore a national and an international medium of communication. The present study set out to discover the type of English pronunciation exhibited by newscasters on radio and television in Nigeria, and how the level of competence of the newscasters has placed them on a pedestal to achieve international intelligibility and acceptability in their daily endeavours. Thirty-eight news bulletins of five Nigerian media houses and three international media houses (all electronic) were listened to and analyzed using the Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary Third Edition as the standard. It was found out that Nigerian newscasters fall short of the expected target of pronunciation of English segments and non-segments caused by inadequate knowledge of the English phonology, lack of training and exposure, as well as laissez-faire attitude to their job. It has been recommended that Nigerian newscasters should be sent on at least one training programme where English Language is spoken as L1 in addition to regular courses within the country. It is also suggested that they (Nigerian newscasters) should listen to foreign news in English as well as educated speakers of the language.
Indigenous Makeup in Theatre Arts: Traditional Plants as Alternative Resources and Prospects for Nigeria's Economy
The constant rise in the cost of imports in such a troubled economy like Nigeria's requires the need for the nation to look inward by prioritising indigenous products in her multi-sectorial developmental drive. The present frenzy for foreign products cannot sustain national survival for very long. In this context, the entertainment sector in Nigeria remains one of the foremost and vibrant industries at the moment. Theatre artistry together with filmmaking which relies heavily on makeup products contributes a great chunk to the national economy in Nigeria and indeed. This places a very strong challenge to the indigenous filmmakers who import foreign material for makeup activities just as the steady rise of foreign currency is affecting the import and cost advantage of the nation. The paper is based on qualitative research method and it draws its theoretical framework on Ecocriticism. Findings show that many plants in Nigeria are rich in chemical contents for producing various kinds of makeup fittings for film and stage at reduced cost with risk properly controlled by using traditional substance that are properly screened in the laboratory. Akukin, Mmanyanga, Ateke, Aloe vera, and the likes of Iduod have been identified to be rich in contents for the production of lipstick, lip-gloss, artificial blood, scar wax and other makeup material. The paper concludes that indigenous products, screened in the laboratory for makeup, are safe and that they reduce cost and also encourage domestic economy.
A Lexico-Semantic Analysis Of Selected 2026 X Posts Of Peter Obi On Nigeria'S Social Realities
This study undertakes a lexico-semantic analysis of three selected X (formerly Twitter) posts published by Peter Gregory Obi, a Nigerian politician and 2023 Labour Party presidential candidate, in 2026. The posts which X-ray Nigeria's social realities, are examined through the theoretical frameworks of Leech's (1981) model of lexical meaning and van Dijk's (1993, 2001) socio-cognitive approach to critical discourse analysis (CDA). The study investigates how Obi deploys specific lexical choices, rhetorical devices, and evaluative language to construct Nigeria's social realities and to position himself discursively as a credible advocate for systemic national reform. The study reveals consistent patterns of crisis-signalling vocabulary, extended bodily metaphor, antithetical constructions rooted in statistical contrast, moral appeals anchored on affective meaning, and inclusive nation-building pronouns. The analysis demonstrates that Obi's political X posts function as sophisticated instruments of persuasion and social critique, reflecting a clear awareness of digital platforms as arenas for ideological contestation. The study concludes that lexico-semantic analysis, grounded in Leech's seven types of meaning and van Dijk's ideological square, provides a productive and replicable framework for studying political discourse in African digital spaces, and contributes to the growing body of scholarship at the intersection of linguistics, politics, and new media in Nigeria.
A Lexico-Semantic Analysis Of Eedris Abdulkareem'S ‘Tell Your Papa’ And ‘Nigeria Jaga Jaga’
This study examines the lexico-semantic features employed in the songs, ‘Tell your papa’ (2025) and ‘Nigeria Jaga Jaga’ (2004) by a Nigerian hip-hop artiste, Eedris Abdulkareem. It investigates how Abdulkareem employs lexical choices, semantic fields, Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE), metaphor, irony, and code-switching to construct social criticism and articulate the lived experiences of ordinary Nigerians. Despite the growth of lexico-semantic studies on Nigerian music lyrics, most analyses remain synchronic in focus, examining a single text from a single period. This leaves a significant gap in the diachronic dimension of lyrical language. This paper addresses how lexical meaning and lexical choice evolve across time in response to shifting socio-political realities. Using a qualitative research design, the study adopts Cruse and Stubbs’ lexico-semantic theory, and draws insights from Fairclough and van Dijk’s approaches to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), in order to identify recurring lexical patterns that encode themes of political corruption, economic hardship, insecurity, and institutional failure. The study reveals that across two decades, Abdulkareem's lyrical language reflects a consistent ideology that foregrounds the suffering of the Nigerian people, and holds political leadership accountable. The findings show that Abdulkareem's use of Pidgin English, lexical parallelism, and semantic intensification serves not merely as aesthetic choices but as deliberate discursive strategies for political activism. The study concludes that protest music constitutes a significant site of linguistic and ideological resistance in Nigeria, and that diachronic lexico-semantic analysis offers a productive framework for understanding how artists sustain, adapt, and sharpen their critical voice across time and across changing political landscape.
A Lexico-Semantic Analysis of Selected Sermons of Pastor David Ibiyeomie and Bishop Matthew Hassan Kukah
Sermons are socially consequential speech events in Nigerian public life. While previous studies on Nigerian religious discourse have focused largely on pragmatics, speech acts, and power relations, little attention has been given to the lexico-semantic structure of sermons. This paper investigates the lexico-semantic strategies deployed by two of Nigeria's most influential preachers: Pastor David Ibiyeomie of Salvation Ministries, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and Bishop Matthew Hassan Kukah of the Catholic Diocese of Sokoto, Nigeria. The study analyses two sermon transcripts (one from each preacher) selected from verified organisational websites. Theoretically, it is framed within Lakoff and Johnson's (1980) conceptual metaphor theory, as extended by Kövecses (2002), and Halliday and Hasan's (1976) theory of lexical cohesion, which together serve as complementary analytical lenses for examining metaphorical and cohesive structures in the data. The data were analysed qualitatively using this framework. The study reveals that both preachers strategically employ lexical repetition, metaphorical expressions, semantic fields, and stylistic registers to persuade their audiences and project distinct theological visions. The study concludes that lexico-semantic analysis provides deeper insight into how Nigerian Christian sermons function not only as religious messages but also as social and ideological texts that shape audience perception, spirituality, public and religious consciousness.
The Effect Of Mechanical Clearing And Tillage On Tropical Soils
In Nigeria, of the total food production, over 90% comes from the peasant farmers who are about 80% of farming population (Adegboyega, 1988). However, one of the hanging issues in Nigeria agriculture is that the use of manual labour technique by the peasant farmers is perhaps the cause of low food production. The educated youths believe that tractorization can bring solution to low agricultural production and mass exodus from rural farmlands. Undoubtedly, judicious use of farm machines will make farming more attractive, increase crop output per unit and save time and energy, assist weed control and larger hands will be engaged in agricultural sector to solve the problem of Nigerian food crises through large area of land cultivation.
Preliminary Evaluation Of Growth And Yield Performances Of Some Pepper (Capsicum Spp.) Varieties In An Ultisol
A field trial was conducted at University of Uyo Teaching and Research Farm, Town Campus Annex, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State in the late cropping season of 2014 to evaluate the growth and yield performances of sone pepper (Capsicum spp. varieties in an ultisol. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments were five pepper varieties (Tabasco, Trinidad. Scoich Bonnet, Aleppo and Cubanelles), Results indicated significant (P<0.05) differences in growth and yield among the pepper varieties. Scotch Bonnet variety produced the highest number of leaves per plant (27.44, 58.53, 111.98 and 140.24 at 5, 7, 9 and 11 weeks after transplanting - WAT, respectively) while the feast was from Trinidad variety (12.97, 35.45, 56.63 and 89.92 at 5, 7, 9 and 11 WAT, respectively). Aleppo variety had significantly (P<0.05) taller plants by the 13th WAT (83.31cm) than other varieties. Scotch Bonnet had the widest leaf area at 9 WAT (40,71cm2) while Trinidad had the widest at 7 and 11 WAT with 49.94cm2 and 42.27 cm2. respectively. The number of fruits per plant and fresh fruit yield per hectare varied significantly (P<0.03) among the varieties. The highest number of fruits per plant, fresh and dev fruit yields per hectare were from Aleppo variety (29.23. 46.37 and 9.51 t/ha) followed by Cubanefie variety (22.87, 14.96 and 7.08 t/ha, respectively) while Trinidad variety had the least (5.63, 2.82 and 1.31 t/ha). Fresh and dry fruit yields per hectare from Aleppo variety were higher than other varieties by 10- 83% and 26 -86 %, respectively. Therefore, planting Aleppo and or Cubanelle variety(ies) has high potentials for pepper production in as ultisol.
The Law On Examination Malpractice: Threat To Educational Integrity And National Development
The menace of examination malpractice in the Nigerian Educational Sector has become an ugly infectious pandemic permeating the foundation of quality education in Nigeria. It is a threat to the integrity of the examination process and national development as products of flawed assessment invariably come into the society as professionals with flawed certificates. This paper sets out to unravel whether this assumption represents the current state of affairs in Nigerian educational institutions noting that examination malpractice appears to have gone digital as students are seen to manipulate registration photos of their image to merge two faces, thereby confusing facial recognition software; engage in digital cheating, script substitution, influencing results after the exam. The paper argued that the use of electronic gadgets and the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have expanded the horizon from conventional malpractice to unconventional malpractice. The authors contended that this modern trend of examination malpractice not only affects the students but also the educational sector and national development requiring extensive legal, systematic policy solutions and that it has become imperative for the instrumentality of the law to be deployed to eradicate the menace by punishing persons or entities that engages in any act of examination malpractices. The use of doctrinal research methodology will be employed by focusing on legal analysis of statutes, textbooks, case laws, and journals.
The Legal Spectrum of Parenthood Through Assisted Reproductive Technology in Nigeria
The capacity to bear children who resemble their parents and inherit their genes and heredity has been a mark of genuineness and joy of parenthood. Some couples cannot experience due to infertility. It is estimated that infertility affect over 50-80 million persons worldwide. Infertility may be as a result of genital tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, postpartum or post aborted infections, pelvic tuberculosis, tubal blockage amongst other causes. The solution to infertility lies not only in the prevention of the earlier cited maladies but also include adapting to novel Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) treatments. ART refers to the medical procedure that aim to achieve pregnancy by manipulating sperm and egg to make conception a reality. There has been dire contention over who should use ART; what is the legal spectrum of parenthood through ART; what are the regulatory framework for ART; who owns the gametes and embryos? This article is poised to analyse these issues. The doctrinal research method will be utilized. The article found out that lack of regulation of ART in Nigeria has led to rapid multiplication of illegal baby factories, it was discovered that lack of regulation led to private reproductive health practitioners charging high fees. The article suggests the need for urgent passing of ART law in Nigeria and education of the public of its advantages.
Introduction The field of planning has traditionally made sustainability of communities one of its central tenets. The cardinal objective of the town planning profession is to ensure the actualization of an efficient, functional and safe environment. This notion presupposes that, irrespective of where a person lives, the urban environment must provide an atmosphere conducive to living, working andrecreation. Urban safety and security are seen as pivotal in evolving an environment capable of ensuring peace, stability and well-being of residents. This is because persistently insecure environments are capable of eroding opportunities for social capital development, constitute threats to public safety and discourage local and foreign investments (Agbola, 1997). Crime or the absence of same has been adjudged as a key indicator in assessing the prosperity of nations.
Urban Planning Approaches to Urban Safety and Security: A Synthesis of Approaches
Urban insecurity attributable to crime and violence constitutes a major urbanization challenge to most cities of the world. Although some of the world’s largest and fastest urbanizing cities such as Chongking or Tokyo have very low crime rates and could be treated as exceptions, African cities have some of the highest crime rates in the world (Mo Ibrahim Foundation, 2015). Despite the assertion above, Mo Ibrahim Foundation, 2015 opine that urban crime, violence and insecurity in large cities tend to be more concentrated, more lethal, more variable than what is obtainable in rural areas. According to Frost and Nowak (2014), it is the complexities within cities that make the issue of violence more complex because of the interplay of socio-economic inequalities, disorder and volatility, all of which complicate the process of monitoring, detecting and evaluating rates and trends of urban violence. It would seem, therefore, that the larger and denser a city, the more vulnerable its population is to violence and crime. In most cities of the world, heterogeneity in urban violence, is evidenced spatially and temporally. This implies that urban crime and violence is not evenly distributed geographically, socio-economically and demographically, thus giving rise to disparities in the indicators that qualify for very safe and very unsafe areas. Also, urban crime and attendant heightened levels of insecurity undergo dynamic transformation processes over time and space as is evidenced in the changing methods, objectives, and perpetrators of violence. These, in turn, make the task of designing targeted, yet flexible programmes to tackle armed violence and its impact extremely difficult (Frost and Nowak (2014).
Spatial Distribution Of Primary Healthcare Facilities In Ibesikpo Asutan LGA, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Distribution of health care facilities in many developing nations has been observed to be politically biased, such that sume areas are over serviced at the expense of other areas.This study examined spatial distribution and accessibility of primary healthcare facilities in Ibesikpo Asutan LGA, Akwa lbom State. Data from official records of government establishments were obtained while field observations in 16 communities were carried out using spatial sampling framework. The data obtained were analyzed using locational quotient technique. The result indicates that ubout 30% of the wards were disadvantaged in the distribution of primary healthcare facilities, with locational quouients of less than 1.00 while 20% recorded total lack of primary healthcare facilities with a locational quotient of zero.On the whole, 50% of the wards had more than a fair share of the facilities with locational quotients greater than 1.00. The study concludes that there is strong empirical evidence in the data set to show that facilities within the study area are not evenly distributed. The study recommends the maintenance of existing facilities as well as provision of new ones in the areas nol served by existing ones as a panacea for increased accessibility among the population in the study area.
Rational Choice Theory and the Quest for Alternative Policing Systems: A Case Study of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
The Rational Choice Theory (RCT) emerged from the observed failure of ‘rehabilitative technologies’ and the increase in the officially recorded crime rates during the 1970's and 1980's. This encouraged the re-introduction of the criminal decision making process and thus the movement from the classical to positivist research in the analysis of criminal behaviour. The RCT assumes that all humans are rational, calculating (on a cost-benefit analysis) and with good knowledge of pain and pleasure. The former is based on the swiftness, severity and certainty of law enforcement apparatus while the latter is based on need, greed and or sexual appeasement, a combination of personal and situational factors that determine if crime will be committed or not. Extant literature shows that “before choosing to commit a crime, the reasoning criminal evaluates the risk of apprehension, the seriousness of the expected punishment, the value of the criminal enterprise, and his or her immediate need for criminal gain” (Siegel, 1992, 2005). While the action of the criminal may be individualistic, the consequence of his/her actions is social and could be inimical to the existence and nurturing of the social fabric. This is the rationale for the existence of law enforcement apparatus whose duty is to evolve how to reduce such activities or prevent them altogether. Unfortunately, the currently evolved strategies to achieve these such as target hardening (deadbolts, self-defence etc) and legal deterrents (police, mandatory sentencing and death penalties) do not seem to have the desired effects as criminal behaviours continue to increase in types and intensity. This paper examines alternate ways of policing Uyo, the capital of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria through private security guards, armed guards, neighbourhood vigilante, neighbourhood volunteers, armed militia (area boys) and local watchnight. A combination of questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion methods were employed to elicit information from relevant stakeholders in addition to a penetrating analysis of secondary information. 1200 households were sampled from high, medium and low residential areas, six (6) Key Informant interviews were held while a FGD consisting of 12 people was conducted. Research results showed a loss of faith in the conventional crime fighting strategies and the willingness to involve non-state actors in crime prevention and possible eradication of crime in Uyo. The paper recommended strategies to enhance the use and application of non-conventional methods in crime fighting in the study area.
Issues Affecting Gendered Roles Of Professionals In The Built Environment In Nigeria
Urbanization and attendant challenges affect urban residents differently. There is also a consensus that these challenges affect men and women in diverse ways. This includes gender-based differentials observed in access to decent work opportunities, access to financial assets and housing security, fair tenure rights, access to services, use of apen space, engagement in public governance structures and personal security, Studies reveal that these challenges and perceived gaps are further exacerbated gender defined factors that assign roles in all spheres of the society. The study examined gender issues as they affect performance of professionals in the town planning profession. "Results were obtained hy subjecting the field data to analysis on a 5-point likert scale. Findings reveal that masculinity norms and culture (with amean score of 3.60) as well as definitive gender roles set aside by our culture and tradition (with a mean score of 3.50) constitute gender issues of concern among town planning professionals, The study recommends gender mainstreaming as a panacea for improved inclusiveness of women.
Residential Mobility and Land Use Planning: A Case study of Uyo
Introduction Different reasons impel people to move. Generally, people who decide to move or change location do so for better economic, political or cultural reasons or actually to enjoy certain amenitics. While the provision of infrastructural facilities is known to enhance the comfortability of a place, thereby sustaining the desirability to stay, the insufficiency or complete absence of such facilities heightens the propensity to move. The situation usually induces a stress-strain effect on the individual or groups and acts as a push factor, catalyzing the decision to move or stay, depending on how the problem is perceived.
An Overview of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
Introduction Every country experiences in one form or another crime, violence and victimisation. Developing countries according to Natarajan (2016) record the greatest number of serious crime problems and only slight attention is paid to crime problems in developing countries by criminologists and other professionals compared to the colleagues in developed countrics. Crime, a major social issue, affects thousands of lives each year (Fkong and Ebong, 2008). Crime is illegal activity or action that is punishable by law (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 2005). It is defined as illegal actions by Oxford English Dictionary(2007). Crime in the context of this paper means illegal activities and actions that involve stealing from others using any physical means (illegal entry, violence and threats), damage and destruction of property and assault. How crimes play themsclves out depends on the prevailing political, economic and social conditions and the configuration of the environment.
Gender Perspectives in Entrepreneurial Development in Urban and Regional Planning Discipline in Nigeria
Entrepreneurship has garnered interest and popularity in a wide array of academic disciplines in recent times. Despite efforts at improving professional skills in Urban and Town planning discipline, quite a number of resultant graduates and consultants have been unemployed. The study utilized desk literature review, secondary information and simple percentage analysis to assess the Gender based Distribution of Registered Town Planners, Gender based Distribution of Town Planning Consulting firms, Gender based distribution of Number of jobs executed by male and Female Town Planners and factors affecting women’s involvement in entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. The paper revealed that there are gender disparities in the number of female town planners inducted into practice, which influence the general performance women planners in competing for planning jobs. More so, the number of female-headed town planning consulting firms, are much fewer than those headed by their male counterparts. About one-fifth of all town planners inducted over a twenty-five ycar period have been females. From this number, only 15(3.89%) have females as the principal town planning consultant while 371 (96.11%) are owned and run by male town planners. Factors affecting low or non-performance of women at entrepreneurial development in town planning practice include relatively low number of women in the profession, poor access to credits, low bargaining power, as well as poor institutional and policy frameworks for improved engagement of more women in entrepreneurial activities in town planning. The paper recommends gender mainstreaming as a panacea for increased involvement of women in town planning practice.
Fear of Crime and the Predictors of Victimization in the Built Environment
Badiora, A.I. & Ntamark, J.J. Introduction Crime, personal safety, and fear of crime are key issues that have continued to attract public concem. Fear of crime has emerged as a social phenomenon which, in extreme cases, impinges on the quality of life of urban residents (Jackson and Gray, 2010), as well as induce paranoia, anxiety, and other psychological issues on a personal level. Increased criminal activities have engendered increased fear of crime in developed and developing countries alike. Findings drawn from the International Crime and Victim Survey (ICVS) of the World Bank (2010) reveal that globally, irrespective of where a person lives, over a five year period, two out of three inhabitants of big towns and cities are victims of crime at least once, while one in every five persons has been a victim of crime at least once. Consequently, crime statistics, the perception of growing danger, and actual crime incidents in Africa have generated a culture of fear and widespread anxiety among the population in both developing and developed countries. In Lagos, Nigeria, Alemika and Chukwuma, (2005) note that 70 per cent of respondents in a city-wide survey were fearful of being victims of crime. In Nairobi, more than half of the citizens worry about crime “all the time” or “very often” (UN-Habitat, 2007), while a World Bank study in Zambia reported that fear of crime among teachers affected their work decisions (Moser & Holland, 1997).
Copyright (c) 2026 Afrischolar Discovery Repository (Annex) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Fear On Streets: The Vulnerable And Self-Protective Behaviour In Ibadan, Nigeria.
This study specifically focuses on the safety issues of women (vulnerable) while on streets. It also examines whether there are differences in the perceptions of safety and the use of self-protective measures of women and men in a Nigerian urban environment. Working women and men who use public transport to commute to their work place were targeted. Systematic sampling was used to sample 243 women and men in Ibadan metropolitan area. Analysis of travel component revealed that women transport users felt safest while commuting (MS=3.77) when compare with walking (MS=2.16) and waiting (2.88).The most commonly used self-protective behaviour among women transport users was to avoid going out alone in the dark (MP=3.67) while the least was carrying self-protection devices. Findings were later compared with that of men and the results revealed that women had higher feeling of insecurity while walking, waiting and on transit. They also engage in all self-protective behaviours (except to carry self-protection devices) more than men. It is recommended that regular security inspection of streets, security education and refurbishment of streets to enhance the environmental factors that reduce fear will go a long way to making transit environments safer and more fitting to the needs of women.
Development Clusters In The Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria
This study examined the spatial distribution of selected socio-economic facilities in the 72 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Eastern delta, Nigeria with a view to determine if the development pattern in the area is clustered or dispersed in space. A set of socio-economic variables that served as indicators of development were collected from various sources. These were analyzed using the gini index and the non-hierarchical cluster analytical technique. The cluster analysis result showed that both developed and deprived areas co-exist in space and the pace of development follows a discernable pattern of clustering in space within and among the different LGAs in the region. Four levels of clustering representing highly deprived deprived, privileged, and highly privileged clusters were identified. Out of the 72 LGAs studied in the region, 44 are classified as highly deprived, 21 were deprived, 2 privileged while 5 LGAs were found in the highly privileged cluster. The paper recommends that a conscious and a deliberate effort aimed at addressing the observed spatial inequality in the Eastern delta region of Nigeria. Encouraging the growth of the region is one way of ensuring that the continuous exploitation of oil and gas resources may go on unhindered. To achieve this requires fostering social inclusion, increasing the capacity of people in decision making process, which will in turn engender the capacity of the people to live in harmony.
Criminality in public places of urban communities: Examining crime incidences around transit stop stations in Ibadan, Nigeria
The study examined pattern of crime in and around public automobile stop stations in Ibadan, southwestern of Nigeria. The study area was stratified into the high, medium and low density areas where a bus station each was randomly selected. Crimes as assault, sexual harassment and aggression were found to be common to bus stations in the high density areas, stealing was mostly associated with bus stations in the medium density areas while the crime of acquisition was the problem of bus stations in the low density areas. Public disorderliness was evenly distributed across the bus stations in the high, medium and low density areas. Furthermore, individuals were more susceptible to crime during the evening-night, weekend and festive periods. Differences in distribution of crime among the selected stop stations were found to be significant (F=57.701; p=0.00). The study concluded that crime clustering in and around bus stations in Ibadan, Nigeria follow a pattern related to the city's centre, zone of transition and suburban problems.
Crime Risk Interpretations In Nigerian Built Environment: The Case Of Minna, Niger State
Using a multistage sampling of respondents, this study uses ordinary least square logistic regression models to estimate violent crime victimization risks in the different residential neighbourhoods of Minna, Nigeria. It focuses on the effects of the neighborhood built environment in the form of nonresidential landuses and neighbourhood-level social and economic characteristics. As shown in the outcomes, residents with higher level of education had lower risk of violent crime victimization, as did high income individuals. Results showed that individuals' risks of violent crime victimization were significantly on the increase if respondents lived in the high density than do residents of the low density residential neighbourhood. Findings indicated that the neighbourhood-level presence of commercial and recreational landuses significantly increases residents’ risk of violent crime victimization in the study area. The study concludes that violent crime victimization risks varied significantly across neighborhoods and that socio-economic, structural and landuse variables accounted for this. Implications for future research and crime prevention policy are discussed.
Transforming Ene Henshaw's Medicine for Love into a Theatrical Spectacle
Designing the stage entails a complex and multi-faceted process and thus requires that designers must critically consider factors such as the space available, the style of the production, and the director's vision. This work thus explores the strategies by which theatrical productions serve as vital media for representing diverse aspects of human experience, including love, conflict, and societal challenges. In the play Medicine for Love, the interplay between stage craft, design, and the representation of reality is central to creating an immersive and meaningful audience experience. However, a significant challenge lies in effectively translating the themes and emotional depth of the play into a visual and performative reality. The play explores a complex narrative that hinges on the interplay between the physical and emotional struggles of its characters, and while the creative team undoubtedly put considerable effort into accurately and authentically depicting the world of the play, some aspects of the production may fall short of achieving this goal. By highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the production on stage, this study provides practical guidance for future productions, helping to enhance the immersive and emotional impact of theater for audiences. The findings point at the potential to inspire future creative endeavors and scholarly investigations, fostering a deeper appreciation for the symbiotic relationship between stagecraft and narrative.
Perspectives Of Nigerian Ethnic Metaphors In My House Help
The numerous tribes existing in a nation can be a factor of strength and progress through distinguishable contribution of morality along the ethnic decent, but in Nigeria, one of the topmost challenges is dual loyalty which ethnicity comes first. The attempt to highlight the generalized outlook of each Nigerian tribe based on its image at the central stage has been escaping exhaustive critical attention. Using qualitative method based on labeling theory of Howard Becker which focuses on the way people are stereotyped based on what is conspicuous in their cultural dispositions to others. The study analyze My House Help, a recent Nigerian movie with the intention of identify the various ethnic metaphors that each tribe is stereotyped. Findings show that each ethnic group has a generalized metaphoric denotation pointing at what the ethnic group mostly indulges in. the Igbos are portrayed as money-mongers, and wayo, Warris are Wafi, the Kalabari women are basket-nyash, Akwa/Cross are Boi-boi, Hausas are beg-beg, while the Fulanis are head-nodders. Each ethnic group attempts to project the values of its tribe by accrediting the best of their deeds to their ethnic background. The study concludes that the proper use of film medium can unify and promote Nigeria, indicating that filmmaking should be restricted to only those who are knowledgeable with the socio-cultural fact of the ethnic outlook of the nation to mold it to a didactic instrument for social reform.
Exploring Indigenous Akwa Ibom Herbs and Other Materials to Process Alternative Makeup Materials for Theatre and Film Productions
The Nigerian cosmetic market in the 21st century is fast growing by the day and becoming one of the most income-generating industries and employers of labour. Observably, increased appetite for foreign make-up materials is becoming the narrative in the cosmetic market and this has impacted negatively on the nation’s economy by expressly encouraging dependency on foreign makeup materials, thereby reducing interest in local production since the latter are comparatively low in demand. The possibility of exploring local materials by way of sourcing and selecting some indigenous Akwa Ibom materials to produce local alternative cosmetics for theatre and film makeup inspired this research. Joseph Schumpeter’s theory of innovation is explored in the analysis of this work. This study is experimental research; a few indigenous materials were selected and processed into makeup materials for theatre and film design. These materials were experimented on actors in a film production to ascertain their efficacies as makeup and the possible reactions on the actor’s skin. The primary source of data for this work basically comprised practical, experiments and participatory research experience. However, some research documents have equally testimonies regarding the potency of herbal cosmetics especially regarding their health safety. Hence, there is a need to look inwards to improve on indigenous materials found within the immediate local environment as safer options for cosmetic production. The research brings to knowledge an innovation; a new technology of combining and processing make-up materials from indigenous materials for theatre and film production. The production procedure followed to process these cosmetics as reported in this paper originates from the researcher’s discoveries. The study recommends that Nigerian film and theatre makeup artistes take advantage of the locally processed makeup materials to reduce the influx of importation in this sector, encourage local production and also reduce the cost of design.
Historical Development Of Multifunctional Theatre Designs Of Selected University-Based Theatre Venues In Nigeria
The University-based theatres provide unique spaces that serve multiple functions simultaneously, blurring the boundaries between teaching, learning, and cultural exchange. By creating environments where students can explore, practice, and perform their craft, these theatres contribute to the development of future generations of Nigerian artists and scholars. At the same time, the presence of these venues within university communities helps to foster a vibrant cultural life on campus, encouraging a wider appreciation of the arts among students and staff from diverse fields of study. Regardless of their importance as cultural spaces, University-based theatres in Nigeria face varieties of challenges that impact their ability to thrive like; technical limitations, staffing challenges, financial support and many others. By highlighting the importance of University-based theatres as centers for learning and creativity, this study raises awareness of the value of arts education and encourages greater investment in training and professional development for young artists. The study recommends increase investment in University-based theatres through government funding, corporate sponsorships, and community donations to support infrastructural development, staff training, and production costs. In conclusion, the development of university-based theatres in Nigeria represents a significant investment in the future of the country's cultural landscape and the incorporation of multifunctional designs has been instrumental in ensuring their viability and relevance for years to come.
Social Cohesion through Festivals in Nigeria and the Traditional Performance Space of Biase New Yam Festival of CRS.
Festivals are common to all human societies, and they vary according to the ecology and the social structure of the people. Nigeria as a country is endowed with lots of cultural activities and festivals, sourced from its multi-cultural communities. These festivals, be it secular, cultural or religious play essential role in any found community. This paper on Social Cohesion through Festivals in Nigeria looks at the Biase New Yam Festival of Cross River State, as a platform for fostering unity, peaceful co-existence and also an opportunity to develop and share culture, showcase values, identity and pride of a people. It analyses the different events that make up the festival, with its contribution to national development. The paper examines the historical trends as manifestations of the people's culture and assesses its traditional performance space. Many festivals remain undocumented and unexplored in many parts of the country as a theatrical performance, making them loose out in the rich repertoire of drama, dance and music. Moreover, understanding the importance of festival in promoting social cohesion can lead to the development of more effective strategies for preserving cultural heritage and promoting communal harmony. Historical and survey research methods was adopted for the study. It also involved participatory observation of festivals, interviews, documentary analysis, and presentation of pictures. By contributing to knowledge, the paper presents vivid account of the New Yam festival as an occasion that gathers visitors not just from the host community, local government areas and Cross River State at large, but also tourists from different states in Nigeria and beyond, while it contributes to the development of culture. The festival is celebrated due to historical legend, as dictated by men for thanksgiving to the gods for a successful planting and bountiful harvest.
Teachers' Variables and Improvisation of Instructional Materials in the Teaching of Government in Senior Secondary Schools in Uyo Education Zone of Akwa Ibom State
The study investigated Teachers' Variables and Improvisation of Instructional Materials in Secondary Schools in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwalbom State. To achieve this purpose, descriptive research design was used. The population ofthe study was all the teachers' from the 15 Secondary Schools in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwalbom State. A sample 243 teachers in 12 secondary schools were selected using multi stage and random sampling technique. The instrument used for the study was researcher developed and entitled "Teachers Variables and Improvisation of Government Instructional Materials Questionnaire (TVIGIMQ)". The instrument was duly validated and subjected to reliability test using Cronbach Reliability Statistical tool which yielded a reliability Coefficient of 0.75. The three research questions were answered using Simple Regression while the three hypotheses were also tested using Simple Regression at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that there was no significant influence of teachers' attitudes on improvisation of instructional materials whereas teachers'workload and competence had significant influence on improvisation of instructional materials. Based on the findings, it is recommended among other things that state government should make provision for training/retraining of teachers on improvisation and utilization of instructional materials which will in turn shape the attitude of teachers'. Teachers' workload should be reduced to avail them of the time needed for improvisation and finally,teachers' should be allowed to teach in their areа of specialization to ensure competence at improvisation and teaching.